Book: Balcombe JP. The Use of Animals in Higher Education: Problems: Alternatives and Recommendations. Washington, DC: Humane Society Press. 2000. Download (2.06 mb, 104 pp.).

 

[An academic publication with 350 citations presenting the evidence in favor of humane alternatives to harmful animal use in biomedical education.]

CONTENTS

 

Acknowledgments

Foreword

List of Tables

 

1. Introduction

1.1 Scope of This Monograph

1.2 Historical Use of Animals in Education

 

2. The Quality and Integrity of Science Education

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Scientific Literacy in America

2.3 “Hands-on” versus Active Learning

2.4 Conclusion

2.5 Recommendations

 

3. Sociological Issues

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Student Feelings and Attitudes

Qualitative Studies

Squeamishness

Desensitization

3.3 Teacher Influence

3.4 Alienation from Science

3.5 Teaching to Care

3.6 Recommendations

 

4. Animal Dissection in Education

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Prevalence of Dissection

The United States

Europe

4.3 Procurement and Animal Suffering

Frog Supply

PETA’s Investigation of CBSC

Other Investigations

Animal Shelters

Farmed Animals

Fur-BearingAnimals

4.4 Ecological Concerns

Frogs

Sharks

4.5 Formaldehyde Exposure

4.6 Defenders of Dissection

Schrock (1990)

Pancoast (1991)

Holden (1990)

Hamm and Blum (1992)

Biological Variation

Other Arguments

4.7 Alternatives to Dissection

Computer-Assisted Learning

Cost of Alternatives

Availability of Alternatives

Ethical Dissection

Outdoor Study of Animals

4.8 Recommendations

 

5. Live-Animal Use in Education

5.1 Introduction

5.2 The Life Sciences

Precollege Education

PostsecondaryEducation

5.3 Alternatives to Live-Animal Use

5.4 The Health Sciences

Medical School

Alternatives for Medical School

Clinical Case-based Learning

Other Alternatives

Veterinary School

The Use of Animals in Higher Education

Alternatives for Veterinary Training

Learning in the Clinical Setting

5.5 Science Fairs

5.6 HSUS Recommendations

 

6. Law and Policy Issues

6.1 Introduction

6.2 The Case for Student Choice

6.3 Legal Challenges

6.4 Current Laws and Policies

6.5 International Policy

6.6 Enforcement Problems

6.7 What Constitutes a Good Policy

6.8 Recommendations

 

7. Conclusion

 

8. Summary of Recommendations

 

Literature Cited

 

Index

 

Tables

3.1 Published Studies of Attitudes toward Animal Use in Education

4.1 Published Studies Comparing the Performance of Alternatives with Traditional Animal-Based Learning Methods in Life Science Education

4.2 Costs: Dissection Exercises versus Alternatives to Dissection for Commonly Dissected Animals

5.1 Percentage of U.S. Medical Schools with Live-Animal Laboratory Exercises in Various Departments

5.2 Studies Evaluating Alternatives in Veterinary Medical Education

6.1 U.S. State Student Choice-in-Dissection Laws